What readers find is that Ford did not want to fire Butz but was left with no choice. 0000046259 00000 n Earl Butz, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Nixon, urged farmers . 0000057477 00000 n These policies did a great job of keeping American agriculture profitable but were very expensive for the nation as a whole. By killing the supply management program, Butz would open a floodgate of cheap inputs from farms to food factories. [17][18], In any case, according to The Washington Post, anyone familiar with Beltway politics could "have not the tiniest doubt in [their] mind[s] as to which cabinet officer" uttered it. [3], The Associated Press sent the uncensored quotation over the wire, but the Columbia Journalism Review identified only two city newspapersthe Toledo Blade (Toledo, Ohio) and the Madison Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin)that published the remark unchanged. As the scandal spread to include nearly all the major grain companies, and as it became clear that it was the conflictridden inspection system that was the cause, Butz changed course. After the 1973 farm bill, Americans spent a lower percentage of their income on food than ever before, purchasing more calories for less money, a trend that adversely impacted the nations diet. 19Dubbed the Great Grain Robbery, food prices in America soared. series; Purdue officials responded that he had grown too frail. [26][27], On May 22, 1981, Butz pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion charges for having under-reported income he earned in 1978. He was married to Mary Emma Powell. He died in his sleep, a quiet end for a man whose career shook the earth, causing untold acres to succumb to the plow. As a result of the boom in exports of American grain, prices for grain shot up. We believe in our ability to come together to shape the future through policy change. I was speaking the language of food and they understood.. I got a royal welcomenot because I was Secretary of Agriculture. Regaled with mountains of cut-rate corn, Archer Daniels Midland used its political muscle to rig up lucrative markets for high-fructose syrup and ethanol. 0000072272 00000 n 0000047891 00000 n Design and build by Upstatement. At the time, Butz served as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate. 0000051702 00000 n 0000043800 00000 n 0000010640 00000 n His policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs. Congressional investigators established that, in the massive 1972 grain sales to Russia, the Agriculture Department did not inform farmers about the pending sales and permitted the few large grain exporters handling the sales secretly to buy up huge supplies in the commodity markets at favorable prices. 0000043465 00000 n Out of the unsettling agricultural and economic events of 1972, the beginnings of a robust agricultural monitoring program were born. We hit your inbox once a month and never abuse your personal information. During the 60s, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American grain. After Butz had regaled his travel companions with a dirty joke involving a dog fucking a skunk, Pat Boone asked him about why more blacks weren't voting Republican. He emphasizes that the flight from the farms to the cities has slowed down during his reign; that the decrease of 11,000 farm units in 1975 is well below the annual decrease of more than 95,000 before 1969. Second, Butz was an advocate of modernizing the farm; to many, this really meant doing away with the family farm and promoting bigness in agriculture. Congress offered nominal amounts of money to some Native Americans inhabiting land relinquished during expansion efforts that included the Land Ordinance of 1785, but sales were involuntary. analyzed the issue of executive immunity in terms of general policy considerations, and stated its conclusion, quoted supra, in the same universal terms. He wouldn't embarrass a Cabinet member. Earl Butz, who was born 105 years ago today, was one of the worst US government officials ever.He was Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinets of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. The biggest single sale of wheat by the Government in history60 million bushelsoccurred on Aug. 31, 1972, to Continental Grain Company, one of the firms deal. Within the food system, five major trends have enabled widespread industrialization. 0000042400 00000 n 0000057234 00000 n To read Franklin D. Roosevelts Statement on Signing the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, click here. Earl Butz has devoted more than 20 years of his life in public and academic service: as an Assistant Secretary in the Eisenhower administration; as a professor and then a dean at one of the most distinguished universities . To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. 0000066173 00000 n allowing/demanding more to be grown what is the fertilizer they used? 0000070129 00000 n Farmstate Congressmen of both parties contend the chances are slim that farm supply and demand will remain in balance much longer and they want to cushion any drop in prices by increasing the current low Government price guarantees to farmers. Left unregulated, agricultural policy has proved to be as catastrophic as well as instrumental culturally, economically, and environmentally. 2023 U.S. History Scene, all rights reserved. Some world food organizations are concerned, not only because of American fuzziness at Rome but also because of the tendency of the United States to sign longterm supply agreements with people who pay cash for grain. The Lubbock Avalanche-Journal said the original statement was available in the newspaper office; more than 200 stopped by to read it. His technique, Foreman says, is to pose as friend of the farmer and try to pit him against consumers. After some indecision, Dean used the line in Rolling Stone, attributing it to an unnamed Cabinet officer. 0000004995 00000 n 0000057943 00000 n Republican Senators in Kansas and Oklahoma warned President Ford's political advisers that they had better do something to prevent losing traditional G.O.P. 2027, 36 L.Ed.2d 912 (1973). He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture in 1932, and then a doctorate in Agricultural Economics in 1937. The Dustbowl that ensued temporarily eradicated farming from Americas most fertile lands, threatening the countrys ability to provide. Eating for Strength . In, Pollan, Michael. In 1948, Butz became vice president of the American Agricultural Economics Association, and three years later was named to the same post at the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers. Earl Butz has, in other words, clearly become the country's most controversial Agriculture Secretary since Ezra Taft Benson, and, after his recent behindthescenes struggle with Henry Kissinger, he has probably also emerged as the most powerful in history as well. For Butz and his agribusiness cronies, the program amounted to socialism an intolerable check on farmers ability to plant and harvest as much as possible. Earl Butz has been and continues to be a close personal friend and a man who loves his country and all that it represents. 0000062543 00000 n 0000058194 00000 n Has there ever been a female US Secretary of Agriculture? Finally, when some of the grain giants could not get enough wheat on the open market at prices they wanted to pay, the Agriculture Department sold them millions of bushels from Government stocks. 0000071240 00000 n Land Ordinance of 1785. Stanford University. If the Secretary is wrong, of course, and this summer's expected surplus cannot be disposed of, then the farmers income could fall drastically. 0000009965 00000 n 0000067449 00000 n endstream endobj 36 0 obj<> endobj 37 0 obj<> endobj 38 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 6 71 0 R] endobj 39 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 6 70 0 R] endobj 40 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 6 69 0 R] endobj 41 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 6 68 0 R] endobj 42 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 6 67 0 R] endobj 43 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 6 66 0 R] endobj 44 0 obj[/Indexed 45 0 R 5 65 0 R] endobj 45 0 obj[/ICCBased 61 0 R] endobj 46 0 obj<> endobj 47 0 obj<> endobj 48 0 obj<> endobj 49 0 obj<> endobj 50 0 obj<> endobj 51 0 obj<> endobj 52 0 obj<> endobj 53 0 obj<>stream Eighteenth and nineteenth territorial expansion had tragic consequences for displaced Native American populations, and many still face the ramifications of mass removal. The October 18, 1976, issue of Time reported the comment while obscuring its vulgarity:[13]. I told him, You've got too many instant experts on agriculture in the White House They're brilliant people, but with no judgment. BY TAKA YAMAGUCHI In 1976, then-U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz coined the now infamous phrase, "food is a weapon.". 0000069148 00000 n At his death, Butz was the oldest living former Cabinet member from any administration.[30][31]. 0000029778 00000 n New York: Harper & Row, 1979. 0000008170 00000 n The greatest source of unhappiness to Butz is the high percentage of the Agriculture Department taken up by food stamps school lunches, and other trition and social programs. 0000046066 00000 n 0000011491 00000 n 28 0 obj<>stream There was some question whether or not Butz realized that the Soviets were buying up one quarter of the entire U.S. wheat crop, but he did nothing to stop the sale despite the fact that it eventually raised food prices. Which of the following characterize carrying capacity. Butz was furious. Follow us on How does corn get in your hair King corn? Butz's motto became "get big or get out," encouraging the growth of corporate factory-farms and increasing subsidised production of staples for export. 0000054094 00000 n At an international conference in Geneva, Switzerland (sponsored by the Agri-Energy Roundtable (AER) on May 23, 1983, Butz warned his audience (concerning ethanol production and subsidies), "Those who ride the Tiger may find dismounting difficult". He's on the side of people who buy from farmers and sell to consumers.. 0000009293 00000 n It was also epochal. He is known for King Corn (2007), News 15 Nightbeat (1985) and Independent Lens (1999). Government subsidies would have to be reinstituted, and consumers ultimately would suffer in terms of food shortages, higher food prices and a bigger tax burden., Foreman calls Butz a fraud when he says he's acting in the interest of farmers. "His policies favored large-scale corporate farming" which has damaged the family farm to this day, and arguably "led directly to overproduction of corn and a subsequent rise of obesity in the United . 1. Your support keeps our unbiased, nonprofit news free. In 1976, just weeks before a tight presidential election, he left the USDA in disgrace after making a stunningly crude racist remark. 0000018253 00000 n Increased production contributed to deforestation, higher emissions of greenhouse gases, and a greater need for fertilizer and pesticides that contaminated water sources and accumulated in the food chain. As part of our commitment to sustainability, in 2021 Grist moved its office headquarters to the Bullitt Center in Seattles vibrant Capitol Hill neighborhood. He exhorted farmers to ``plant fence row to fence row'' to meet global demand, helping to drive down surging food costs. Donate today to keep our climate news free. Butz, who dismisses Foreman as a phony and an arm of the Democratic Party, says consumer groups are wrong. Today Earl Butz would be 113 years old. Last year, they harvested 1.8 billion bushels of corn more than in 1970, and wheat production was up 800 million bushels. 26 206 Later farm bills saw adjustments, but the Great Depression and brief scare in the 1930s asserted that the livelihood of farmers, and the American people, was too closely tied to supply controls to lift them. Feb. 3, 2008 12 AM PT. b. all the elements are connected to all the other elements in an ecosystem. That same year, he was also named chairman of the United States delegation to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Today, expansion-based policy characteristic of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has returned. (In a priceless scene in the excellent recent documentary King Corn, the narrators visit the aged Butz at his Purdue perch. He was also fined $10,000 and ordered to pay $61,183 in civil penalties. In Iowa, bin-busting harvests gave rise to an explosion of massive concentrated-animal feedlot operations (CAFOs). 0000065041 00000 n Butz had helped to arrange that sale in the hope of giving a boost to crop prices to bring restive farmers tempted to vote for George McGovern into the Republican fold.[10]. While farmers scrambled to get big or get out, Butzs beloved agribusiness giants cheered. In the 1970s, changing diets worldwide, bad weather in Russia, and U.S. government policies combined to create a boom in rural America. [4] He was the uncle of American football player Dave Butz. The changes implemented since the eighteenth century exemplify the need to reform policy in accordance with domestic and international circumstances. Earl Lauer "Rusty"[1] Butz was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. 0000022228 00000 n Marshall Martin discusses policy with Earl Butz. 0000045147 00000 n 0000049595 00000 n The analysis presented in that case cannot be limited to . http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, The Library of Congress. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. A Des Moines Register poll indicated last year that less than half of Iowa farmers thought Butz was doing a good job, and some farm leaders regard Iowa as a bellwether. Earl Lauer Butz was born near Albion, Indiana, on July 3, 1909. Farm income stayed high for most of the decade. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. 0000068003 00000 n 0000053344 00000 n 0000054304 00000 n This led to the domination of the bigger farms over the smaller farms . The overall goal was to stop prices from falling too low (hurting farmers) or jumping too high (squeezing consumers). 0000050730 00000 n But he endured personal humiliation along the way. University of Washington researcher Adam Drewnowski found that one dollar purchased 1,200 calories of cookies, but only 250 calories of carrots. 0000065712 00000 n For a few years, those actions seemed like a good business decision. Perhaps the most widely shared gripe with Earl Butz is that of the food shoppers, over the skyrocketing prices of food. 0000069937 00000 n I mustadmit that this interpretation, which eluded me for 34 years, is much more in keeping with a sense of humor animated by the loose-shoes joke and by a sculpture of two copulating elephants. He also advised farmers to get big or get out adapt or die, in the belief that bigger farms were more productive. Butz tells farmers that consumers are mad at them because of high retail food prices. ' , See the article in its original context from. Yet his legacy still thrives, and will not likely die as gently as the man. 0000069545 00000 n Earl Butz, Secretary of Agriculture under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, died this weekend at 98, leaving a colorfully offensive legacy and, thanks to the political correctness of the mainstream news media, a bit of a mystery as to why he's died in such ignominy. Butz said to be furious, but took no steps to stop such shifting. 0000008682 00000 n The smarter ones were even learning, albeit more slowly, not to believe such things. 0000007619 00000 n He replaced Palmby with Carroll Brunthaver, a former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm. Butz fanned their frenzy. Dr. Earl L. Butz, educator, administrator, and government official was born on July 3, 1909 to Harmon Lee Butz and Ada Tillie Lower in Albion, Indiana. The San Diego Evening Tribune offered to mail a copy of the whole quotation to anyone who requested it; more than 3,000 readers did. Earl L. Butz, who orchestrated a major change in federal farm policy as secretary of agriculture during the 1970s but came to be remembered more for a vulgar racial comment that brought about. 0000064144 00000 n And although the income of the big farm producers has risen substantially, the largest share of the increased prices of food has probably gone to the middlemen. He had argued the issue before the White House Food Policy Group, then chaired by Kissinger, and thought he had converted everyone. All but 30 days of the term were suspended. Earl Butz If lie doesn't get it, he'll have a firstclass farm issue on his hands because we'll have enough of a surplus to remind farmers that he's been against higher Government price supports. The General Accounting Office warns that such a bumper crop could deal a serious blow to the farm economy, because the Agriculture Department has no real plans for dealing with either surpluses or shortages. The Agriculture Department's cozy relationship with the halfdozen big grain exporters is in some ways the most troubling aspect of Butz's reign. Dont worry about overproduction, Butz told farmers on trips through the Midwest. Jenny Georgieva. 0000046462 00000 n At the 1974 World Food Conference in Rome, Butz made fun of Pope Paul VI's opposition to "population control" by quipping, in a mock Italian accent: "He no playa the game, he no maka the rules. Wallace would have seen these as the glory of his department.. One Iowa land excavator told the Journal that farmers are trying to squeeze everything they can out of their land. In 1970, the Government was paying farmers $3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not to plant. The result was that Butz replaced Kissinger as chairman of the newly named White House Agricultural Policy Committee. Earl Butz (1909-2008) American government official (1909-2008) - Earl Butz was born in Albion (town in Noble County, Indiana, USA) on July 3rd, 1909 and died in Washington, D.C. (capital city of the United States) on February 2nd, 2008 at the age of 98. Pros Of Corn Subsidy. But you've got to make choices, and you're not going to be right all the time. Dean reports that this was Butz's response: I'll tell you what the coloreds want. 0000067623 00000 n 0000049217 00000 n - Secretary Earl Butz was Presidents Richard Nixon's secretary of agriculture. But the ag policies of the day encouraged restraint. Expansion efforts in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries resulted in western migration that led to agricultural prosperity in rural areas. It also undermines my claim that Butzs remark was not anti-Catholic. 0000062821 00000 n On the other hand, heavy exports can lead to. When questioned about the problems of such farmers, Butz tends to brush the inquiries aside, saying only that some producers are less efficient than others. 0000064407 00000 n 0000044482 00000 n Butz famously urged farmers to plant fence row to fence row, and told them to adapt or die. 23The farm bill succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but it reinstated a new era of imbalanced supply and demand. A year after Butz became Secretary, department officials in Des Moines, Iowa, received an unprecedented message from Washington: Sell the millions of bushels of corn being held in Government storage. 93-86, also known as the 1973 U.S. Farm Bill) was the 4-year farm bill that adopted target prices and deficiency payments as a tool that would support farm income but reduce forfeitures to the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) of surplus stocks. 0000059949 00000 n Ulrike Butz. This taste for combat played a part in both his nomination in 1971 by Richard Nixon and the subsequent battle in the Senate over his confirmation. Days after Butz died, the Wall Street Journal reported, In the U.S., farmers are razing old barns, ripping up sod and grassland, and uprooting fences some in a routine attempt to improve land, others in an effort to make room for the grain boom.. support in the Midwest. 0000070488 00000 n 0000011887 00000 n HTPn0Stv4$>Pv@k'@zGq3(:nfd"qlPUByCzv#Ru {!:|A3hrM[6J)V>w7W]Z |H >dO o?j 0000043291 00000 n All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. Philpott describes farm policy from the 1930s until Butz as a sort of Nirvana for both farmers and consumers, as it paid farmers not to farm and kept corn prices high. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Later, the firms sold the corn at more than double what they had paid for it. 0000071933 00000 n Butz said: "I'll tell you what the coloreds want. 0000056620 00000 n [2] He attended a one-room country school through eighth grade and graduated from high school in a class of seven. 0000041732 00000 n endstream endobj 27 0 obj<> endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 31 0 obj<> endobj 32 0 obj<> endobj 33 0 obj<> endobj 34 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<>stream Farm income stayed high for most of the decade. But Jimmy Carter repeatedly says that one of his first acts as President would be to replace Butz, and Carter's first big boost came in the January caucuses in Iowa. What policy did Earl Butz promote in 1973? YouTube, Follow us on 11Subsequent government policy implemented to save farms failed because it provided only short-term solutions. 0000066397 00000 n 0000041878 00000 n Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. The policy of prohibiting permanent roads and of restricting commercial logging in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued. Prices for grain shot up he wouldn & # x27 ; s Secretary Agriculture. To save farms failed because it provided only short-term solutions the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal said the original Statement was in! And economic events of 1972, the Government was paying farmers $ 3.7 billion in subsidies, as... Not alter, edit or update them n 0000057234 00000 n 0000058194 00000 n for a years. Did a great job of keeping American Agriculture profitable but were very for... Was the uncle of American grain, prices for grain shot up what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 Butz replaced as. 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