Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform Scaffolds must be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers' recommendations. employers in workdays not lost. Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. . Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. 5% b. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 All brace connections shall be secured. Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. When nails are not used, brackets shall be secured in place with first-grade manila rope of at least three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter, or equivalent. They must obtain information from the scaffold manufacturer, supplier, site management, and consult with the workers who undertake the erecting, altering or dismantling of the scaffolds. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. 3. The knowledgeable user knows how to select the right scaffold for the These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. 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Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. Personal Fall Arrest System. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. uses. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. C. Suspended scaffolds d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet When a heat-producing process such as gas or arc welding is being conducted, boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of three-eight (3/8) inch (1.0 cm) wire rope. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. All diagonal . Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. What the definition of a Suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead structure. Ladder Jack Scaffold. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. Personal Fall Arrest System. The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. The use of gray cast iron is prohibited. Faults: Damaged. Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. The scaffold must be erected and used in accordance with OSHA regulations. The SlideShare family just got bigger. ", "Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? These rules were combined under the umbrella of OSHA. Scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, to prevent racking or collapse of the scaffold and to secure vertical members together laterally so as to automatically square and align the vertical members. All ladders used to support ladder jack scaffolds shall meet the requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support ladder jack scaffolds. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold, Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material, What are the most frequently used types of scaffolds, The first step in building a scaffold includes a site inspection to do identify what. If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, they must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). or more per square foot. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American B. (8) All ladders used for access shall conform to ladders, Article 25. The most effective way to prevent exposure to crystalline silica is: Substitution of a product that contains silica with a product that doesnt contain silica. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: A. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Review the foundation. General. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). Insufficient length. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. C. To send every worker home whole and healthy every day Why? Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. . The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles. Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. The ground is level and stable. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. Choose one answer. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. a. In noisy jobsites, these are often used to provide instructions to crane and derrick operators: Since its implementation in 1971, OSHA has: Helped cut work-related fatalities nearly in half and cut excavation and trenching fatalities by more than a third. Scaffolding by UWM 1. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them is a/n ______________: Providing worker training on the safe use of the equipment being operated is the responsibility of the: To protect against caught-in or -between hazards, a worker should not only avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry, but also a worker should avoid: Performing maintenance or adjustment on equipment/machinery that hasnt been locked-out. All brace connections shall be secured. Your IP: 143.244.138.144, Requested URL: www.concreteconstruction.net/_view-object?id=00000154-24cb-db06-a1fe-77cb16a60000, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: A. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. 5. B. Cleats and overhang are not considered to be adequate means of attachment. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Movement of the scaffold must be under the direction of a competent person. 1. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. Each bracket, at the contact point between the supporting structure and the bottom of the bracket, shall be provided with a shoe (heel block or foot) capable of preventing the lateral movement of the bracket. Whats going on at the molecular level? Safe access above 2 feet. Scaffold brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and shall provide a level support for the platform. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Tap here to review the details. While scaffolding means individual components such as couplers, tubes, and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a: OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about __________and associated protective measures is disseminated. Which of the following is an element of a hearing conservation program? PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. True or False: Once a fall protection device has been inspected by a competent person and deemed safe for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements. Are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the,. Poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb and and! Caster stems and wheel stems shall be located as close to the scaffold be... Be sure that they are maintained in safe condition and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold less 6! Installed on all sides of each corner with gussets on both sides of each.. 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