This wedding ceremony demanded the existence of associates from both family members and witnesses. Ames, David. Pick and choose which ones you wish to see through at your very own wedding. Onitsha indigenes However, religious practice often contains local elements. They are part of the larger West African cultural group known as the Senegal-Gambian Wolof, which includes several other ethnic groups with similar languages and customs. Neighbors would walk down the streets and bang their pots and pans to make as much noise as possible throughout the village in order toscare away evil spirits. 9 February 2015. The common marriage age with regard to the Wolof was your early twenties with regard to boys and past due teens for females (Gamble et al. Mbaya, Maweja. Certainly, your loved ones unit is generally a fundamental unit from your Wolof culture, in addition apart from being the foundation for community, this defines the particular financial status associated with the man. [8] Ira Lapidus, a professor of Middle Eastern and Islamic History, states that the early-19th-century Senegambian fighters "swept through Senegambia burning villages, killing pagans and enslaving their enemies," and were responsible for the conversion of substantial numbers of Wolof to Islam. [43][49] Wolof farmers raise chickens and goats, and dried or smoked fish purchased, both a part of their diet. [20] Beginning in the 16th century, Portuguese slave traders started to purchase slaves from Senegambian ports to transport to their American colonies; these slaves frequently passed through Wolof lands before arriving at the coast. Consequently, most cultures exhibit elements of different cultures from other parts of the world. However, it is actually the color blue that is the true symbol of purity as well as fidelity. must. Traditional marriage in Wolof culture is such a unique one where the maternal influence play a major role. Culture as a whole makes a wide area of study that cannot be examined effectively in this paper; therefore, this paper focuses on the marriage traditions of Wolof people. Entertainment They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. [43], A village is headed by a chief, called the borom dekk. This preference hinged on the idea that such arrangements provided the best and most stable marriages. [36] The leatherworkers, for example, were considered the lowest of the nyenyo because their occupation involving animal skins was considered dirty. Culture defines peoples lifestyles and it sets the platform upon which people can relate with other cultural groupings in a given place. [7][14] In English, Wollof and Woloff[4] are found, particularly in reference to the Gambian Wolof; for English-speakers, the spelling Wollof is closer to the native pronunciation of the name. Their history and cultural traditions date back thousands of years, making them one of the most fascinating and vibrant tribes in West Africa. election They are known for their rich culture, history, and traditions, which have been passed down through generations. Despite these factors, that will ought to in order to improve marriages, separation and divorce will be section associated with the Wolof custom. [47][48], The Wolof people are traditionally settled, farmers and artisans. Multiple marriages have been common, with many Wolof households featuring two wives. . Once a man and woman get married, it is the primary duty of the woman to make her husband happy. Before a traditional Wolof wedding ceremony, parents of the groom to be sends the intended bride's elders Kola nuts and money to ask for her hand in marriage. However, Wolof language and culture have a disproportionate influence because of their prevalence in Banjul, the Gambian capital, where a majority of the population is Wolof. Eventually, the kingdom of Jolof was absorbed into the larger state of Kaabu, but the Wolof people maintained their distinct cultural and ethnic identity. Centre national de la recherche scientifique, "2013 Population and Housing Census: Spatial Distribution", "What Is The Ethnic Composition Of Mauritania? anambra citizens [28][29] It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. However, these slave raids eventually began to subside as European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations' involvement in the slave trade. Though French is the official language of Senegal, it is not difficult to find people in Dakar (the capital city) who only speak Wolof. . Ndnk-ndnk: An introduction to Wolof culture, Dakar: Peace Corps, 1981. Slaves acquired by kidnapping, purchase or as captives of war were called jaam say in the Wolof society. The Wolof first cohabited with the Berbers in south-eastern Mauritania, with the Peulh . While some traditions take place on the wedding day, others are done in advance of the nuptials, such as burying a bottle of bourbon. In a bid to explore the topic exhaustively, the paper poses three fundamental questions that it seeks to address. For example , in The african continent, you will find countless cultural groupings each along with its own tradition. The Wolof people are known for their drumming and dancing, which are central to their social and spiritual life. Young Boys now Use Diapers and Sanitary Pads as Drugs. The bride also wears a white hood to hide her horns of jealousy that she may feel towards her mother in law representing her newfound obedience. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Polygamy is also a normal phenomenon among the Wolof people because as already noted, they are largely Muslim and the Islam religion permits polygamy (Ames 395). It is customary for the bride to carry or wear items that fit with each one of these categories for good luck. Something old represents continuity. [43][50], Occupation is traditionally based on gender and inherited caste. Trainee Wolof manual, Dakar: Peace Corps, this season. After the ceremony, the grooms family coats the bride in butterfat from cows, marking her acceptance into the family. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal as they form about 35% of the Senegalese populace and about 12% of the Gambian populace (Diop 112). This paper seeks to explore the culture of the Wolof people with emphasis on their marriage traditions. In order to form a strong and stable family among the Wolof, it was traditionally believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage (Gamble et al. The population of the world is constituted by an array of cultural groupings and ethnicities. The wedding ceremony was late in the day on a Sundaytypically weddings are held in a mosque after 5p.m. Sumaiya Ismail This preference hinged on the idea that such arrangements provided the best and most stable marriages. 32). 32). 31). US Extends Visa Validity For Nigerians To Five Again, R. Kelly Sentenced To 20 Years In Legend Of Ikogosi Springs Where Warm Water Meets Afrobeats To The World: Burna Boy, Tems, Rema A Delve Into The Bagpipes As A Cultural Scottish Power Nigeria Limited: Foremost Pipers In Nigeria. All brides hope to be treated like royalty on their big day, but Malaysian brides actual are. Ndnk-ndnk: A great introduction to Wolof culture, Dakar: Tranquility Corps, 1981. The arrival of European colonizers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a profound impact on the Wolof people and their kingdom. 41. Since the colonial era, peanuts have been the primary cash crop. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. In some cases, the rigid traditional systems in which the parents make all the decisions concerning matters of marriage are still witnessed (Melching 68). Although traditions play an important role, history has shown us that its okay to get a little creative when it comes to planning your special day. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. 31). To form a stronger and stable family unit, the Wolof people believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage they are matrilineal in nature. Nordic Journal related to African Studies 11. Under such circumstances, the mans family can seek a refund of the payments made before the marriage from the womans family. [7][11][12] The Wolof were close to the French colonial rulers, became integrated into the colonial administration, and have dominated the culture and economy of Senegal since the country's independence.[13]. Therefore, the veil was used to conceal the brides appearance up until the very moment in which they were to be married. A brief marriage ceremony was then performed by an Imam (the Wolof people are largely Islamic) after the routine Friday prayers at the mosque (Gamble et al. The Wolof people, who had once been a powerful and influential ethnic group, found themselves marginalized and oppressed under colonial rule. IPOB The Wolof people are also known for their strong oral traditions, which have helped to preserve their history and culture over the centuries. [24] The West African jihads that involved the Wolof and other ethnic groups started early and often inspired by militant reformers such as those of the 15th century. Unlike most other languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof is not a tonal language. Married life would then proceed from then onwards for the newly married couple. All rights reserved. Polygamy is yet a normal trend one of the Wolof individuals because as currently noted, they are usually largely Islamic plus the Islamic religious beliefs permits polygamy (Ames 395). To be able to form the strong and steady family among the Wolof, it was traditionally believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage (Gamble et al. 31). Gamble, David, Linda Bass, and Hassan Njie 1985, Peoples from your Gambia: The Wolof. It symbolizes hope, optimism for the future, and a reminder to keep looking forward. During ancient times, women would wear rings made of papyrus around their wrists and ankles. The bride and groom were challenged to kiss over the tower without knocking it over. Each piece is handcrafted by talented artisans in Dakar, Senegal. apc [46] The dower is the property of the woman upon the consummation of the marriage. At the top were the royal rulers, below them were the regionally or locally dominant noble lineages who controlled territories and collected tribute, and below them were commoner freeborn called the baadoolo or "lacking power". [21], The transatlantic slave trade also led to the Wolof acquiring European firearms, which were commonly bartered for slaves at the West African coast. The Wolof culture any associated with most affected ethnicities by Western impact in comparison in order to other cultures within the region (Diop 101). There were many similarities between this wedding and typical American weddings: The bride wore white, lots of friends and family were present, there was a big meal, and there was a DJ. Agreements would then be made on how much further payments (marriage money) needed to be made and when the time for its payment came, other gifts were also given to the brides mother, father and peers. [20] However, the social distinctions between free-born Wolof and slaves remained present during the period of colonial rule, continuing even after the decolonization of Africa in the mid-20th century, which saw the Wolof become independent from European colonial rule.[20]. Web. [43][44], Marriages are endogamous. When you submit your details, you accept ONE's privacy policy and will receive occasional updates about ONE's campaigns. news All Right Reserved. Privacy Policy. For instance, in Africa, there are hundreds of ethnic groupings each with its own culture. [8] In the 19th century, as the colonial French forces launched a war against the Wolof kingdoms, the Wolof people resisted the French and converted to Islam. [16] The documented history, from 15th-century onwards, is a complex story of the rivalry between powerful families, wars, coups and conquests in Wolof society.[18]. If this proposal is accepted, the parents of the bride-to be . Although it is an age-old wedding tradition, it is a practice that is becoming less popular, with rice being replaced by alternatives such as confetti, bubbles, and sparklers. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic group in Senegal, particularly concentrated in its northwestern region near the Senegal River and the Gambia River. While only ever consolidated into a single state structure for part of this time, the tradition of governance, caste, and culture of the Wolof dominate the history of north-central Senegal for much of the last 800 years. Tinubu They continued to practice their customs, pass down their stories and songs, and celebrate their cultural festivals. You want to personalized your v As the name implies singles day is a day set aside for young people to celebrate their youthfulness and independence. Just in case a lady in some time seems that this girl relationship life will become unbearable, she might return in an attempt to the girl kin plus will certainly not return. [6] They refer to themselves as Wolof and speak the Wolof language, in the West Atlantic branch of the NigerCongo family of languages. delta state Like circles, diamonds have long been considered as symbols of eternity because they are the hardest gems on earth. The traditional wedding cake also had a strange beginning. The chief has been the tribute (tax) collector and the interface between the kingdom officials and the villagers. The Wolof people are known for their rich and diverse culture, which includes music, dance, oral traditions, and spiritual practices. 39. (LogOut/ This element causes one in order to need to know the type of interpersonal environment by which this particular culture is utilized and why this would be susceptible to more Western impact than any other cultures in the area. An intriguing aspect of these arrangements was that the intervention of diviners was sought to determine if the marriage was feasible before marriage actually took place (Gamble et al. The bride parents consult with their daughter and together they consent to or reject this proposal. The population of the particular world is constituted by a range of social groupings and nationalities. This particular paper seeks to research the culture of the particular Wolof individuals with focus on their relationship traditions. In Ireland, the bride must keep her feet on the ground at all times while dancing for fear of being swept away by evil fairies. The Wolof people's traditional culture and practices have survived the colonial era and are a strong element of the Senegalese culture. Mbaya, Maweja. Wolof (/wlf/) is a language of Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people. peter obi [40][41], The Wolof are primarily rural (~75%), living in small villages. Children remain with their mother until they are of age before they can go back to their father. November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. MONDAY MUSINGS: CUTTING THROUGH THE NOISE. 2. Traditionally, on the morning following the brides first night, a blood stained cloth would be displayed to show that the bride was a virgin (Agorsah 80), which was a great source of pride that inspired praise-filled songs for the bride and her mother. The placement of the ring on the fourth finger came from the Egyptians who believed that it was the finger that contained the vein that connects to the heart. Another important part of Wolof culture is their music, which is characterized by complex rhythms and intricate melodies. @2015-2019 - INLANDTOWN.COM. [23], In and after the 18th century, the Wolofs were impacted by the violent jihads in West Africa, which triggered internal disagreements among the Wolof on Islam. In this article, we will explore the history and background of the Wolof tribe, tracing their roots and discussing the key events that have shaped their identity and cultural heritage. [33], The castes have also been hierarchal, with lowest level being those of griots. In the Wolof tribe there is even a time where the elders of the village gather with the bride and give advice and gifts. Publishing. This declaration means that towards the Wolof people, children is a good important unit, which usually forms a foundation with regard to other social models into that the Wolof society is structured. [8] However, historical evidence left by Islamic scholars and European travelers suggest that Wolof kings and warriors did not convert to Islam in the beginning and for many centuries while accepting and relying on Muslim clerics as counselors and administrators. In the Middle Ages, newlyweds were made to undergo a rigorous test: spiced buns were piled between them, and the couple would have to do their best to kiss over the towering stackif they succeeded in locking lips, it was perceived as an omen of good fortune about their marriage. Once an individual and woman get married to, it does not take particular main duty associated along with the woman to produce her husband happy. A lot of these traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. Press Release The Himba people kidnap the bride before her ceremony and dress her in a leather headdress. ", When Talk Isn't Cheap: Language and Political Economy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolof_people&oldid=1137220874, Short description is different from Wikidata, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 13:09. [7][8] The Wolof belonged to the medieval-era Wolof Empire of the Senegambia region. A short marriage ceremony has been then performed simply by an Imam (the Wolof people are usually largely Islamic) right after the routine Fri prayers in the mosque (Gamble et ing. In and after the 18th century, the Wolof were impacted by the violent jihads in West Africa, which triggered internal disagreements about Islam among the Wolof. At this type of point, the child was expected in order to furnish the lady and her mom with gifts in order to win their devotion (Gamble et ing. politics At such a point, the boy was expected to furnish the girl and her mother with gifts to win their affection (Gamble et al. The age-old wedding tradition of a flower girl stems from an Ancient Roman tradition where young virgins would carry sheaths of wheat, which was believed to bring on well-being and good fortune to the newlyweds. The Wolof peoplealso referred to as the Wollof,Jolof,Iolof,Whalof,Ialof,Olof, andVolof, among other spellings, are a West African ethnic group found primarily in Senegal, with smaller populations in Mauritania and The Gambia. However, a noble man may marry a slave girl, but not the other way round (Melching 129). This observation implies that in a home with many wives, the man takes the credit for the wealth that belongs to all his wives. The origin of marriage dates back to 23,000 years ago when hunter-gatherers became farmers, and gender roles around the household started to form. If accepted the Kola nuts are distributed amongst family, and neighbors which is an informal . Wolof Tribe: An Exploration Of Their Culture And Tradition. Weve compiled a visual of 16 popular wedding traditions and their origins, so you can learn more about how these common customs came to be. If you are reading this post, then I believe youre looking for ways to add humor into your wedding vows. Although it allowed for a young man to marry a paternal aunts daughter. Later politico-religious changes, such as those brought during the Wolof Empire era, introduced major changes in the social structure among the Wolofs and many other ethnic groups, including a shift to a patrilineal system. It is widely believed that the color white represents purity. Photo credit: Andrea Calodolce Germany This fun wedding tradition dates back to the 14th century. Scholars have out these study studies in the particular search for trace the particular historical development associated with the different ethnicities because it will be believed that mankind descended from the single ancestry, and therefore almost all people must possess shared one tradition previously. Wolof is the native language of the Wolof people, and it is spoken by many here. The go-between carried kola nuts from the particular grooms father throughout this important charge. Before a couple could get married, a man had to employ his fellow friends or warrior companions to help him fightoff other warriors and prevent the brides family from finding the couple. The Sufi leaders and marabouts exercise cultural and political influence amongst most Muslim communities, most notably the leader of the Muridiyya also called the Mouride brotherhood. My favorites were a singer/drummer duo who sang Tu es gentilledonne moi de largent (You are so nicegive me some money). If a woman at some point feels that her marriage life is unbearable, she can go back to her kin and refuse to come back. IvyPanda, 28 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. During the ceremony, a small payment consisting of kola nuts and money was made to the brides family, thus making the marriage legally binding (Gamble et al. This assertion implies that to the Wolof people, a family is an important unit, which forms a building block for other social units into which the Wolof society is organized. The Jolof or Wolof Empire was a medieval West African state that ruled parts of Senegal and the Gambia from approximately 1350 to 1890. Variants are worn on a day-to-day with the whole shebang coming out on special occasions; the most important for the Wolof is the feast of Tabaski (the Muslim Feast of Sacrifice). festival Obi of Onitsha This research paper on The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture was written and submitted by your fellow "Wolof" is the name by which the people refer to themselves, and it is also the name of their indigenous language. 32). We waited several hours for the wedding party to return. This aspect makes family a very important dimension in the economic wellbeing of the Wolof people. Children stay making use of their mother until they may become old group prior to they might proceed back again to their very own dad. Man and woman get married, it is the primary cash crop topic,... Bride-To be for example, in Africa, there are hundreds of groupings! You will find countless cultural groupings each along with its own culture makes family a very dimension! 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Newly married couple butterfat from cows, marking her acceptance into the family and ankles then from! A refund of the world is constituted by An array of cultural groupings in leather! Even a time where the elders of the marriage from the womans.! By talented artisans in Dakar, Senegal defines peoples lifestyles and it sets the platform upon which people can with... [ wolof wedding traditions ], a village is headed by a range of social groupings and nationalities bride to carry wear! Headed by a chief, called the borom dekk and cultural traditions date back thousands of years, making one. Primary duty of the marriage fit with each one of the Wolof people are known for drumming. Traditional culture and practices have survived the colonial era, peanuts have been common with... Unlike most other languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof is the true symbol of purity as well as fidelity as... African continent, you accept one 's privacy policy and will receive occasional updates about 's... ( ~75 % ), living in small villages opt-out if you to! See through at your very own wedding research the culture of the Senegalese culture, most cultures exhibit of. Called the borom dekk you will find countless cultural groupings each along with its own culture been passed down generations... To practice their customs, pass down their stories and songs, and the villagers onwards the. Es gentilledonne moi de largent ( you are reading this post, then I believe youre looking for to!