Laos will . Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. He describes his experience in the Lao capital in fine detail, making the minutiae come alive. The city is Laos' capital and is located along the banks of the Mekong River. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . Its international borders were closed except to trucks carrying goods and in cases allowed by the nation's COVID . It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. But around the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lao and Thai came from Southern China and overtook the area. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. AFP. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . Asia. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. These dishes always contain chili peppers, and usually some type of grilled vegetable, giving them a distinct smoky flavor, and sometimes fermented fish. Updated on November 19, 2021. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. [65] [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Calculating U.S. Vientiane, the capital of Laos, is the antithesis of a bustling capital like London. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. This includes 1,900,440 Pfizer and 1,000,800 J&J doses. Built on three levels, it symbolises the ascent from earth to heaven. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. Jaew. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. Find professional Laos Capital videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. About 3km to the north of the city, it is easy to reach the centre from the airport by taxi, tuk tuk or bus. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. 15. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. Southeast Asia is a region in the southern part of Asia that is composed of 11 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand . [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. According to a Laotian epic, Vientiane was founded on the Mekong Rivers eastern banks by a prince named Thattaradtha. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. Location: Champasak Province, Laos. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Located on a curve of the Mekong River, Vientiane Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. [151] For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. [36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. The Patuxay was built in the heart of Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought..View article. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Origins of the Lao Kingdom. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. The Patuxai, Vientiane Laos. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). [94] Plans to resettle additional Hmong refugees in the United States were stalled by provisions of President George W. Bush's Patriot Act and Real ID Act, under which Hmong veterans of the Secret War, who fought on the side of the United States, are classified as terrorists because of their historical involvement in armed conflict. The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. 3. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. Population 6.7 million. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. 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